{"id":3384,"date":"2025-10-06T16:56:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T09:56:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2025-10-06T16:56:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T09:56:55","slug":"giai-thuong-nobel-y-hoc-sinh-ly-hoc-2025-dung-nap-mien-dich-ngoai-vi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/2025\/10\/06\/giai-thuong-nobel-y-hoc-sinh-ly-hoc-2025-dung-nap-mien-dich-ngoai-vi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel Y h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00fd \ufffc\ufffch\u1ecdc 2025: Dung n\u1ea1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i vi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

ThS BS Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Hi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mary E. Brunkow, sinh n\u0103m 1961. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, Princeton, Hoa K\u1ef3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Cao c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Sinh h\u1ecdc H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, Seattle, Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fred Ramsdell, sinh n\u0103m 1960. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1987 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles, Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Khoa h\u1ecdc, Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shimon Sakaguchi, sinh n\u0103m 1951. B\u1eb1ng M.D. n\u0103m 1976 v\u00e0 Ph.D. n\u0103m 1983 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kyoto, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ti\u00ean phong Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Osaka, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n, virus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3i Nobel Y h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell v\u00e0 Shimon Sakaguchi, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u201cdung n\u1ea1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i vi\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u201ck\u1ebb th\u00f9\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea1n\u201d qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T trong tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung n\u1ea1p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n protein c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Shimon Sakaguchi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng\u201d kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u201ctr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t\u201d. Qua c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t, \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mang protein CD4 v\u00e0 CD25, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00ecm h\u00e3m c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T kh\u00e1c, ng\u0103n ch\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u2013 nh\u1eefng \u201cl\u00ednh g\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Song, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ho\u00e0i nghi. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Mary Brunkow v\u00e0 Fred Ramsdell, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u1ef9, m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cscurfy\u201d, n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong s\u1edbm. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra gen \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn Foxp3 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 X, gen n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ec7nh \u1edf chu\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 IPEX, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn FOXP3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u201cdung n\u1ea1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ngo\u1ea1i vi\u201d \u2013 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ed5 sung cho dung n\u1ea1p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u201ct\u1eaft\u201d sau khi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ung th\u01b0, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cche ch\u1eafn\u201d cho kh\u1ed1i u, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang th\u1eed c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ung th\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 lupus hay vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng interleukin-2 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba th\u1ea3i gh\u00e9p sau c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p t\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Brunkow, Ramsdell v\u00e0 Sakaguchi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ThS BS Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Hi\u1ec1n Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc: Mary E. Brunkow, sinh n\u0103m 1961. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, Princeton, Hoa K\u1ef3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3383,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/img_2183.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3384"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3385,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions\/3385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hienbacsi.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}